In the previous post we studied the following equation for Beer – Lambert’s law – We understood that if we decide the intensity of incident

In the previous post we studied the following equation for Beer – Lambert’s law – We understood that if we decide the intensity of incident
You have encountered the above expression while studying Beer – Lambert’s law ,right? And did you wonder what this means? How do you arrive at
In the last few posts we have been discussing the Beer – Lambert’s law and various terms associated with it. In this post we are
Absorbance In the previous post we introduced the term absorbance. The term absorbance quantifies the amount of light absorbed by a solution. We know ,from
Absorbance and Transmittance Absorbance(A) and transmittance(T) are two sides of a coin. Absorbance (A) is the amount of light absorbed and transmittance is the the
August Beer was a German Chemist, physicist and mathematician. He was studying absorption of red light by various solutions, when he formulated a law called
In this post we shall start learning about the basic laws of photochemistry. These laws form the basis of all the photochemistry we will study
In the previous post we started to understand the basic difference between radiation chemistry and photochemistry. We concluded that photochemistry is a branch of radiation
For a chemical reaction to occur the reacting molecules must be activated.Usually this activation is carried out thermally i.e by increasing the reaction temperature.Increasing temperature
From this post onwards , we shall begin our discussion on a new topic in physical chemistry – Photochemistry. What comes to your mind when
In the previous post, we learned that getting an appropriate representative sample for analysis is a very important step in getting accurate results.In this post,
We talked about different methods of analysis in the previous post and inferred that only with experience and intuition , we can choose a correct
Analytical chemistry is all about analysis. In this post, we shall look at the various methods of analysis that we encounter in this branch of
1. Calculate gram equivalents of the following – (Given – Eq.wt of O=8,Al =9)i)7 × 10-3 kg of oxygen.ii) 4.5 × 10-3 kg of aluminium
In the previous posts,we have studied in detail, how to find n-factor and equivalent weight for a number compounds.In this post we shall talk more
SALTS Salts are ionic compounds, consisting of cations (positively charged ions) and anions (negatively charged ions). e.g.- CuSO4 ⇒ Copper sulfate is a salt that
BASES In general, a base is a compound that yields OH– ion/s on dissociation. Example 5 – Let us now consider a base, sodium hydroxide
In this post, we will specifically look at some acids whose n-factor calculation can seem a little tricky. We will study the structure of these
4.Normality Normality is a concentration unit that uses chemical equivalent or gram equivalent term. This concentration term is not very commonly used in today’s laboratories.
In analytical chemistry one often has to deal with solutions and thus it is very important to know parameters used to define concentration. A solvent
Before starting to solve problems on the mole concept, let us jot down a few important formulae – Let us solve some problems based on
In the previous post, we discussed how to relate a measurable quantity , volume , to a mole. In this post we will discuss how
In the last post we left some questions unanswered. Questions like – How does one relate the number of particles to volume and mass of
In this post, we are going to study one of the most seminal concepts, not only in analytical but in entire chemistry. Understanding this concept
9.Confidence Limit (CL)- The confidence limit is the level of confidence we have about a value being statistically significant. Confidence Limit (CL)= 100 × (1 − α)
From this post onwards we will start getting acquainted with some fundamentals of analytical chemistry. What is analytical chemistry? What all topics does it encompass?
5) Is it cyclic ? ✓ Conjugated double bonds ? ✓ Is it planar? × # of π electrons 8 # of lone pair of
Q: Classify the following compounds as aromatic, anti-aromatic or non-aromatic – 1) Is it cyclic ? ✓ Conjugated double bonds ? ✓ Is it planar?
“There is no exception to the rule, that every rule has an exception.”- James Thurber. After learning all about aromaticity and antiaromaticity, we now proceed
Let us now begin to discuss the magnetic properties of aromatic compounds. 3]Magnetic properties. I) Aromatic ring current– Aromatic compounds have delocalised , closed loop